ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for three years since the novel Coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. At first people didn't take it seriously and didn't take any precautions. The virus has spread around the world, causing dizziness, nausea and even kidney failure in severe cases. Today, as people's awareness of COVID-19 has increased, more and more people are willing to wear masks, but there are still many people who are unwilling to wear masks. Some people refuse to wear masks because they have been vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccines do help in reducing transmission rates, but they are not 100% effective. Even vaccinated people can catch the virus and spread it to others. Analysis of data from Singapore over a period of time shows that masks and vaccines provide two different types of protection, one for the group and the other for the individual. Both masks and vaccines are necessary for the safety of individuals and others. © 2023 SPIE.